Deg wass n 20 Nwembeṛ yezrin, yella-d wesmekti wis 100 n Tegrawla Tamiksikit. D tin ay d tagrawla timettit (révolution sociale) tamezwarut akk ay d-yellan deg lqern wis 20. Imḍebbren-nnes d sin n wasaḍen (héros) mechuṛen ɣer weɣref amiksiki : Emiliano Zapata akked Pancho Villa. D acu kan, ɣas ma yella kkan 100 n yiseggasen aya seg wasmi ay tezri Tegrawla-nni, tagnit n Miksik mazal-itt, deg waṭas n yeḥricen n tmeddurt, swaswa kan akken tella deg tallit-nni n 1910.

Pancho Villa

Emiliano Zapata akked Pancho Villa nnuɣen akken ad d-awyen tilelli i yiqeddacen ed yifellaḥen : nnuɣen akken ad asen-ḍemnen izerfan-nsen imettiyen (droits sociaux), ad tettuṣeggem tfellaḥt i lfayda n yifellaḥen, ad zemren akk medden ad ɣren deg uɣerbaz baṭel, yerna ad asen-yeḍmen uwanak (ddula) lḥeṛma ed laman.

Maca, 100 n yiseggasen sakkin, tameddurt, deg Miksik « mazal-itt, deg waṭas n yeḥricen, am wakken tella deg 1910 : idrimen ed lxir n tmurt atni gar yifassen n terbaɛt tamecṭuḥt n yimeṛkantiyen ay yesɛan ayla d ameqran, yugaren ayen nezmer ad t-nxayel, deg wakud aydeg iẓawaliyen ixuṣṣ-iten kullec ; ayen yebɣa weɣref (cceɛb) icemmet-it udabu ; izerfan n yiqeddacen ed yenmula (syndicats) ur jhiden ; adabu ur yettakf ḍḍmanat n llsas i wuḍɛifen ay yeḥwajen aḥuddu ; adabu amiksiki isemmeḥ deg lḥeṛma n tmurt akken ad yejj tiṛmisin (tikebbaniyin) tibeṛṛaniyin ad gent ayen ay asent-yehwan deg tmurt, yerna ṛṛay n tmurt atan gar yifassen n terbaɛt tamecṭuḥt yesɛan ayla, d tin yettxemmimen ɣef wayen ara yeffɣen fell-as yerna ur tettḥulfu, ur tettakf azal i wayen yeḥwaj wegdud ». (1)

Nnig tilufa-a tiberkanin, Miksik yenker deg-s, daɣen, wemgaru (ṭṭrad), neɣ, ɣas ini 3 n yemgura : amgaru amezwaru d win ay d-yettilin gar trebbaɛ n tmafya n tehyufin (maffia de la drogue), imi tirebbaɛ-a ttnaɣent gar-asent akken yal yiwet seg-sent ad teḥkem aḥric-nnes seg tmurt ; amgaru wis sin d win n trebbaɛ n Zetas (d tirebbaɛ n yiserdasen akked yemsulta [ibulisen] iqburen ay yeffɣen i webrid), yerna tirebbaɛ-a ttakrent medden, ttaṭṭafent-ten d imeṛhan yerna ssuturent tifdayin, am wakken ay ttakrent ayla n medden. Ma d amgaru wis kraḍ d win n yiserdasen akked yiɣallen usligen (forces spéciales) n Miksik ay d-yesseɣlin rrebrab ɣef yimezdaɣen n tmurt.

Washington teḥṛes Aselway Felipe Calderon (ay iɛawden yettwafren seg melmi kan) akken ad yennaɣ mgal trebbaɛ n ussetti n tehyufin (traffic de drogue), dɣa seg wass n 1 Dujembeṛ 2006, Calderon yuɣ awal yerna yebda « tummɣa »-nnes i lmend n ferru n taluft-a. D acu kan, ccwal ay d-yessenker s yimenɣi-a n daxel tmurt yegla s tmeddurin n wazal n 30.000 n medden … 

Simal txeṣṣer tegnit deg Miksik yerna simal tetteqqal tmurt-a d « awanak amezgul [Etat raté] » ay d-iweḥlen deg yiwet n tefxet ay izemren ad tt-tessiweḍ s agrireb. Imsellḥen ay yesfesden tamurt ttezzin, kessen, sserwaten deg tmiwa-nsen, war ma ugaden yiwen : iɣallen usligen n yigen (forces spéciales de l’armée) akked yiɣallen usligen n temsulta (police) ; tirebbaɛ timsellḥin « ay yettɛawanen » iserdasen ed yemsulta ; tirebbaɛ n yimenɣayen (tueurs) ay iqeddcen s webrid n « lqanun » ; imeggiyen (agents) imarikaniyen n CIA akked DEA akked yemsellḥen n Zeta (ay ittemmɣen, ladɣa, ɣef yiminigen ay d-yusan seg tmura niḍen n Temrikt Talatinit akken ad ddun (s tuffra) ɣer Marikan. Yerna, war ccek, d tirebbaɛ-a n Zeta ay igan tanegzart-nni (massacre) n 72 n yimunigen ay d-ufan mmuten deg wass n 24 Ɣuct deg uwanak amiksiki n Tamaulipas.

Yal aseggas, azal n 500.000 n yiminigen n Temrikt Talatinit ay d-yettasen ɣer Miksik akken ad kecmen ɣer Marikan. Mi ara kken ɣef Miksik, iminigen-a tɛeddayen fell-asen s wakk leṣnaf n wetɛeddi : ttaṭṭafen-ten yerna ḥebbsen-ten deg lbaṭel, ttekksen-asen ayla-nsen, ttakren-asen idrimen-nsen, ttɛerrin-ten, tɛeddayen ɣef lḥeṛma n tsednan-nsen … Yal 10 n tsednan timinigin, nezmer ad d-nekkes seg-sent 8 ayɣef tɛeddan; aṭas seg-sent ttaṭṭafent-tent trebbaɛ timsellḥin yerna ttarrant-tent d tiqeddacin-nsen neɣ ttḥettimen-tent akken ad ilint d tinkirin (prostituées). D tiwinas (timeyyatin) n yigerdan n yiminigen ay ttḥettimen ad qedcen am waklan. D igiman (luluf) n yiminigen ay yettwakaren, ttwaṭṭafen d imeṛhan. Tarbaɛt n Zetas, mi ara taker iminig yerna ad t-teṭṭef d ameṛhun, ad tessuter seg twacult-nnes (yellan deg tmurt-nnes taneṣlit neɣ deg Marikan) ad txelleṣ tafdayt (rançon) akken ad as-d-brun. « Tirebbaɛ n yiniɣiyen (criminels) smenyafayent ad akrent, tikkal, azal n 50 n yiminigen, yerna ad ten-ṭṭfent d imeṛhan, wala ad akren imḍebber ameqran n kra n teṛmist (takebbanit). Mi ara akren iminigen iẓawaliyen, yal yiwen seg-sen yesɛa tawacult ara ixellṣen gar 300 ed 1500 n yidulaṛen akken ad as-d-brun » (2). Maca ma yella umeṛhun-nni ur yufi ula d yiwen ara as-ixellṣen tafdayt-nnes, tarbaɛt-nni timselleḥt ad t-tneɣ. Yal tarbaɛt n Zeta tesɛa « agezzar »-nnes ay igezzmen iɣfawen i yimeṛḥan, yettqeddir-iten yerna yesserɣay tifekkiwin-nsen deg tbettit n wuzzal (3). Deg mraw (ɛecṛa) n yiseggasen-a ineggura, azal n 60.000 n yiminigen ay « iɛerqen » imi tiwaculin-nsen ur ssawḍent ad xellṣent tafdayt ayyes ara asen-d-brun …

Emiliano Zapata

Aselway n Miksik, Felipe Calderon, seg-a ɣer da ad izuxx s rrbeḥ ay yerbeḥ udabu amiksiki deg yimenɣi-nnes mgal tehyufin (drogues), am wakken ay yettzuxxu s tuṭṭfa n kra n yemḍebbren imeqranen n trebbaɛ n tehyufin. Calderon yefṛeḥ imi ay yesseqdec iɣallen n yigen (armée) i wakken ad yennaɣ mgal trebbaɛ n tehyufin. D acu kan, arraw n wegdud ur t-wufqen deg wanect-a. Yuɣ lḥal, iserdasen ur sɛin tarmit (ttejṛiba) deg wenrar n yimenɣi mgal tehyufin, yerna d aya ay ten-yejjan ad sseddayen aṭas n medden « deg leɣlaḍ ». D aya ay yeglan s tmeddurin n waṭas n yiɣarimen (civils).

Timiwa ay ḥekment trebbaɛ timeqranin n tehyufin (drogue) deg Miksik

Sseddayen medden « deg leɣlaḍ » ? Abel Barrera Hernández (umi yettunefk warraz n yizerfan n wemdan Robert F. Kennedy deg Marikan), ur yumin medden-a mmuten deg leɣlaḍ. Barrera yettwali adabu amiksiki yesseqdac amgaru mgal tehyufin (guerre contre la drogue) akken ur yettajja timetti ad d-tenṭeq ɣef wuguren-nnes: “Wid ay yettmettaten deg wemgaru-a - ɣef wakken d-yenna – d imdanen-nni uḍɛifen akk: d ineṣliyen n tmurt, d tisednan, d ilemẓiyen. Adabu amiksiki yesseqdac igen (armée) i wakken ad yessiged medden, ad yerwi tirebbaɛ-nsen, ad d-yesseɣli fell-asen rrebrab, ad yeqmeḍ urfan n tmetti, ad yessenṣel iɣallen n wegdud yerna ad yerr wid ay yettnaɣen ɣef yizerfan-nsen d imdanen ay yeffɣen i lqanun”. (4)

Seg yidis-nnes, adabu n Obama yettwali times-a ay inekren deg Miksik tezmer ad tcewwel ula d laman n Marikan. Taneɣlaft tamarikanit n tɣawsiwin n beṛṛa, Hillary Clinton, tenna-d: “Amihi [danger] n tehyufin la yettimɣur yerna deg kra n tegnatin, tirebbaɛ n tehyufin ddukklent akked trebbaɛ timsellḥin ay yettnaɣen ɣef yizerfan-nsent”. Clinton tenna-d daɣen ccwal n tmurt n Miksik n wass-a “icuba ccwal n tmurt n Colombia deg yiseggasen n 1980”.

Deg tidet, Iwunak Yeddukklen d nitni ay d tasebba tameqrant akk deg tnekra n tmes-a ay yeccan Miksik. Iwunak Yeddukklen d nitni ay d tamurt tameqrant akk ay yugin ad qqlent tehyufin (drogres) d tisaḍafin (légales). Azal n 90% [5] seg yemrigen (leslaḥat) n wakk tirebbaɛ timsellḥin timiksikiyen usan-d seg Yiwunak Yeddukklen. Ama d imrigen n trebbaɛ n tehyufin, ama d wid n trebbaɛ n Zeta, ama d wid n yigen, ama d wid n temsulta … Seg tama niḍen, Iwunak Yeddukklen d nitni ay d tamurt aydeg d-yettili ussetti (traffic) ameqran akk n tehyufin deg umaḍal. Deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen xeddmen-d tamarixwanat yerna d Imarikaniyen ay d infarasen (producteurs) imeqranen akk n yisafaren aydeg llant tehyufin (am temfiṭaminin [amphétamines] akked Ecstasy).

Nnig waya akk, Iwunak Yeddukklen d nitni d ssuq n tehyufin (drogues) ameqran akk deg umaḍal. Sḍis (setta) n yimelyunen n Yimarikaniyen ay yettwamelken s tkukayint … Yerna tamafya (mafia) ay iqeddcen deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen trebbeḥ-d amur ameqran seg yedrimen-nnes s ussetti (traffic) n tehyufin: 90% seg lfayda ay d-ittekken seg tehyufin (azal n 45 n yimelyaṛen n yidulaṛen) deg useggas itteddu ɣer lejyub n tmafya tamarikanit. Ma d tirebbaɛ-nni n tehyufin n Temrikt Talatinit, lfayda-nsent ur tettaweḍ ɣer 10% seg ujemmal …

Ihi, a win yufan, Washington ur yessefk ad tenṣeḥ (s yir nnaṣiḥa) Miksik akken ad tessenker amgaru (ṭṭrad) mgal tehyufin (drogues) deg wakal-nnes, wanag yessefk ɣef Yimarikaniyen ad zwiren ad ssizedgen axxam-nsen.

Tinqiḍin :

(1) La Jornada , México, 20 de noviembre de 2010.

(2) Ɣrem adlis igerrzen n Óscar Martínez aydeg ay d-yeḥka ayen yeẓra : Los migrantes que no cuentan. En el camino con los centroamericanos indocumentados en México , Icaria, Barcelona, 2010.

(3) Proceso , Mexico, 29 Ɣuct 2010.

(4) La Jornada , op. cit.

(5) El Norte , Monterrey, 9 Ctembeṛ 2010.